#### Beyond Linux® From Scratch (systemd Edition) - Version 10.1

### Chapter 15. Networking Programs

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# Samba-4.13.4

## Introduction to Samba

The Samba package provides file and print services to SMB/CIFS clients and Windows networking to Linux clients. Samba can also be configured as a Windows Domain Controller replacement, a file/print server acting as a member of a Windows Active Directory domain and a NetBIOS (rfc1001/1002) nameserver (which among other things provides LAN browsing support).

This package is known to build and work properly using an LFS-10.1 platform.

### Package Information

- Download (HTTP): https://www.samba.org/ftp/samba/stable/samba-4.13.4.tar.gz

- Download MD5 sum: ba89901019e05585f9511f52a4667d4f

- Download size: 18 MB

- Estimated disk space required: 629 MB (add 380 MB for quicktest)

- Estimated build time: 3.1 SBU (using parallelism=4; add 4.9 SBU for quicktest)

### Samba Dependencies

#### Required

GnuTLS-3.7.0, jansson-2.13.1, libtirpc-1.3.1, lmdb-0.9.28, and rpcsvc-proto-1.4.2

#### Recommended

Fuse-3.10.2, GPGME-1.15.1, ICU-68.2, libxslt-1.1.34 (for documentation), Linux-PAM-1.5.1, Parse-Yapp-1.21, PyCryptodome-3.10.1, and OpenLDAP-2.4.57

#### Optional

Avahi-0.8, BIND-9.16.11, Cups-2.3.3, Cyrus SASL-2.1.27, GDB-10.1, git-2.30.1, GnuPG-2.2.27 (required for ADS and testsuite), libaio-0.3.112, libarchive-3.5.1, libcap-2.48 with PAM, libgcrypt-1.9.2, libnsl-1.3.0, MIT Kerberos V5-1.19.1, NSS-3.61, popt-1.18, Talloc-2.3.2 (included), Vala-0.50.3, Valgrind-3.16.1 (optionally used by the test suite), xfsprogs-5.10.0, cmocka, ctdb (included), cwrap, dnspython, FAM, Gamin, GlusterFS, Heimdal (included), libunwind, ldb (included), M2Crypto (required for ADS), OpenAFS, PyGPGME (recommended for ADS), tevent (included), and tdb (included)

#### Optional (for the Developer Test Suite)

Install in listed order: six-1.15.0, argparse, extras, py, enum34, hypothesis, pytest, coverage, pytest-cov, doctools, unittest2, testtools, fixtures, python-mimeparse, contextlib2, traceback2, linecache2, testscenarios, testresources, virtualenv, pbr, and python-subunit

User Notes: http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/wiki/samba4

## Installation of Samba

Fix a test that always fails:

    echo "^samba4.rpc.echo.*on.*ncacn_np.*with.*object.*nt4_dc" >> selftest/knownfail

Install Samba by running the following commands:

    CFLAGS="-I/usr/include/tirpc"          \
    LDFLAGS="-ltirpc"                      \
    ./configure                            \
        --prefix=/usr                      \
        --sysconfdir=/etc                  \
        --localstatedir=/var               \
        --with-piddir=/run/samba           \
        --with-pammodulesdir=/lib/security \
        --enable-fhs                       \
        --without-ad-dc                    \
        --enable-selftest                  &&
    make

To test the results, as the `root` user, issue: make quicktest. The test suite will produce lines that look like failures, but these are innocuous. The last few lines of output should report "ALL OK" for a good test run. A summary of any failures can be found in `./st/summary`. With Samba-4.12.0, many tests are known to fail.

### Note

Additionally, developer test suites are available. If you've installed the optional python modules above, you can run these tests with make test. It is not recommended for the average builder at around 290 SBU and over a gigabyte of disk space, and you should expect ~73 errors and ~30 failures from the 3000+ tests.

Now, as the `root` user:

    make install &&

    mv -v /usr/lib/libnss_win{s,bind}.so.*  /lib                       &&
    ln -v -sf ../../lib/libnss_winbind.so.2 /usr/lib/libnss_winbind.so &&
    ln -v -sf ../../lib/libnss_wins.so.2    /usr/lib/libnss_wins.so    &&

    install -v -m644    examples/smb.conf.default /etc/samba &&

    mkdir -pv /etc/openldap/schema                        &&

    install -v -m644    examples/LDAP/README              \
                        /etc/openldap/schema/README.LDAP  &&

    install -v -m644    examples/LDAP/samba*              \
                        /etc/openldap/schema              &&

    install -v -m755    examples/LDAP/{get*,ol*} \
                        /etc/openldap/schema

## Command Explanations

`--enable-fhs`: Assigns all other file paths in a manner compliant with the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS).

`--without-ad-dc`: Disables Active Directory Domain Controller functionality. See Setup a Samba Active Directory Domain Controller for detailed information. Remove this switch if you've installed the Python modules needed for ADS support. Note that BLFS does not provide a samba bootscript or systemd unit for an Active Directory domain controller.

`--with-selftest-prefix=SELFTEST_PREFIX`: This option specifies the test suite work directory (default=./st).

mv -v /usr/lib/libnss_win{s,bind}.so* /lib: The nss libraries are installed in `/usr/lib` by default. Move them to `/lib`.

ln -v -sf ../../lib/libnss_winbind.so.2 /usr/lib/libnss_winbind.so and ln -v -sf ../../lib/libnss_wins.so.2 /usr/lib/libnss_wins.so: These symlinks are required when applications build against these libraries.

install -v -m644 examples/LDAP/* /etc/openldap/schema: These commands are used to copy sample Samba schemas to the OpenLDAP `schema` directory.

install -v -m644 ../examples/smb.conf.default /etc/samba: This copies a default `smb.conf` file into `/etc/samba`. This sample configuration will not work until you copy it to `/etc/samba/smb.conf` and make the appropriate changes for your installation. See the configuration section for minimum values which must be set.

## Configuring Samba

###

#### Config Files

/etc/samba/smb.conf

###

#### Printing to SMB Clients

If you use CUPS for print services, and you wish to print to a printer attached to an SMB client, you need to create an SMB backend device. To create the device, issue the following command as the `root` user:

    install -dvm 755 /usr/lib/cups/backend &&
    ln -v -sf /usr/bin/smbspool /usr/lib/cups/backend/smb

###

#### Configuration Information

Due to the complexity and the many various uses for Samba, complete configuration for all the package's capabilities is well beyond the scope of the BLFS book. This section provides instructions to configure the `/etc/samba/smb.conf` file for two common scenarios. The complete contents of `/etc/samba/smb.conf` will depend on the purpose of Samba installation.

### Note

You may find it easier to copy the configuration parameters shown below into an empty `/etc/samba/smb.conf` file instead of copying and editing the default file as mentioned in the “Command Explanations” section. How you create/edit the `/etc/samba/smb.conf` file will be left up to you. Do ensure the file is only writeable by the `root` user (mode 644).

##### Scenario 1: Minimal Standalone Client-Only Installation

Choose this variant if you only want to transfer files using smbclient, mount Windows shares and print to Windows printers, and don't want to share your files and printers to Windows machines.

A `/etc/samba/smb.conf` file with the following three parameters is sufficient:

    [global]
        workgroup = MYGROUP
        dos charset = cp850
        unix charset = ISO-8859-1

The values in this example specify that the computer belongs to a Windows workgroup named “`MYGROUP`”, uses the “`cp850`” character set on the wire when talking to MS-DOS and MS Windows 9x, and that the filenames are stored in the “`ISO-8859-1`” encoding on the disk. Adjust these values appropriately for your installation. The “unix charset” value must be the same as the output of locale charmap when executed with the `LANG` variable set to your preferred locale, otherwise the ls command may not display correct filenames of downloaded files.

There is no need to run any Samba servers in this scenario, thus you don't need to install the provided bootscripts.

##### Scenario 2: Standalone File/Print Server

Choose this variant if you want to share your files and printers to Windows machines in your workgroup in addition to the capabilities described in Scenario 1.

In this case, the `/etc/samba/smb.conf.default` file may be a good template to start from. Also add “dos charset” and “unix charset” parameters to the “[global]” section as described in Scenario 1 in order to prevent filename corruption. For security reasons, you may wish to define `path = /home/alice/shared-files`, assuming your user name is `alice` and you only want to share the files in that directory, instead of your entire home. Then, replace `homes` by `shared-files` and change also the “`comment`” if used the configuration file below or the `/etc/samba/smb.conf.default` to create yours.

The following configuration file creates a separate share for each user's home directory and also makes all printers available to Windows machines:

    [global]
        workgroup = MYGROUP
        dos charset = cp850
        unix charset = ISO-8859-1

    [homes]
        comment = Home Directories
        browseable = no
        writable = yes

    [printers]
        comment = All Printers
        path = /var/spool/samba
        browseable = no
        guest ok = no
        printable = yes

Other parameters you may wish to customize in the “[global]” section include:

        server string =
        security =
        hosts allow =
        load printers =
        log file =
        max log size =
        socket options =
        local master =

Reference the comments in the `/etc/samba/smb.conf.default` file for information regarding these parameters.

Since the smbd and nmbd daemons are needed in this case, install the `samba` bootscript. Be sure to run smbpasswd (with the `-a` option to add users) to enable and set passwords for all accounts that need Samba access. Using the default Samba passdb backend, any user you attempt to add will also be required to exist in the `/etc/passwd` file.

##### Advanced Requirements

More complex scenarios involving domain control or membership are possible. Such setups are advanced topics and cannot be adequately covered in BLFS. Many complete books have been written on these topics alone. Note that in some domain membership scenarios, the winbindd daemon and the corresponding bootscript are needed.

##### Guest account

The default Samba installation uses the `nobody` user for guest access to the server. This can be overridden by setting the `guest account =` parameter in the `/etc/samba/smb.conf` file. If you utilize the `guest account =` parameter, ensure this user exists in the `/etc/passwd` file.

##### Systemd Units

To start the Samba daemons at boot, install the systemd units from the blfs-systemd-units-20210122 package by running the following command as the `root` user:

    make install-samba

To start the winbindd daemon at boot, install the systemd unit from the blfs-systemd-units-20210122 package by running the following command as the `root` user:

    make install-winbindd

### Note

This package comes with two types of units: A service file and a socket file. The service file will start the smbd daemon once at boot and it will keep running until the system shuts down. The socket file will make systemd listen on the smbd port (Default 445, needs to be edited for anything else) and will start the smbd daemon when something tries to connect to that port and stop the daemon when the connection is terminated. This is called socket activation and is analogous to using {,x}inetd on a SysVinit based system.

By default, the first method is used - the smbd daemon is started at boot and stopped at shutdown. If the socket method is desired, you need to run the following commands as the `root` user:

    systemctl stop smbd &&
    systemctl disable smbd &&
    systemctl enable smbd.socket &&
    systemctl start smbd.socket

Note that only the smbd daemon can be socket activated.

## Contents

Installed Programs: cifsdd, dbwrap_tool, dumpmscat, eventlogadm, findsmb,gentest, ldbadd, ldbdel, ldbedit, ldbmodify, ldbrename, ldbsearch, locktest, masktest, mdfind, mvxattr, ndrdump, net, nmbd, nmblookup, ntlm_auth, oLschema2ldif, pdbedit, profiles, regdiff, regpatch, regshell, regtree, rpcclient, samba, samba_dnsupdate, samba_downgrade_db, samba_kcc, samba-gpupdate, samba-regedit, samba_spnupdate, samba-tool, samba_upgradedns, sharesec, smbcacls, smbclient, smbcontrol, smbcquotas, smbd, smbget, smbpasswd, smbspool, smbstatus, smbtar, smbtorture, smbtree, tdbbackup, tdbdump, tdbrestore, tdbtool, testparm, wbinfo, and winbindd
Installed Libraries: libdcerpc-binding.so, libdcerpc-samr.so, libdcerpc-server-core.so, libdcerpc-server.so, libdcerpc.so, libndr-krb5pac.so, libndr-nbt.so, libndr.so, libndr-standard.so, libnetapi.so, libnss_winbind.so, libnss_wins.so, libsamba-credentials.so, libsamba-errors.so, libsamba-hostconfig.so, libsamba-passdb.so, libsamba-policy.cpython-38-x86_64-linux-gnu.so, libsamba-util.so, libsamdb.so, libsmbclient.so, libsmbconf.so, libsmbldap.so, libtevent-util.so, libwbclient.so, and winbind_krb5_locator.so; the pam_winbind.so PAM library; and assorted character set, filesystem and support modules under /usr/lib/{python3.9,samba}
Installed Directories: /etc/samba, /run/samba, /usr/include/samba-4.0, /usr/lib/python3.9/site-packages/samba, /usr/libexec/samba, /usr/{lib,share}/samba, and /var/{cache,lib,lock,log,run}/samba

### Short Descriptions

cifsdd | is the dd command for SMB
dbwrap_tool | is used to read and manipulate TDB/CTDB databases using the dbwrap interface
eventlogadm | is used to write records to eventlogs from STDIN, add the specified source and DLL eventlog registry entries and display the active eventlog names (from `smb.conf`)
findsmb | is used to list info about machines that respond to SMB name queries on a subnet
gentest | is used to run random generic SMB operations against two SMB servers and show the differences in behavior
ldbadd | is a command-line utility for adding records to an LDB database
ldbdel | is a command-line program for deleting LDB database records
ldbedit | allows you to edit LDB databases using your preferred editor
ldbmodify | allows you to modify records in an LDB database
ldbrename | allows you to rename LDB databases
ldbsearch | searches an LDB database for records matching a specified expression
locktest | is used to find differences in locking between two SMB servers
masktest | is used to find differences in wildcard matching between Samba's implementation and that of a remote server
mdfind | runs Spotlight searches against a SMB server
mvxattr | is used to recursively rename extended attributes
ndrdump | is a DCE/RPC Packet Parser and Dumper
net | is a tool for administration of Samba and remote CIFS servers, similar to the net utility for DOS/Windows
nmbd | is the Samba NetBIOS name server
nmblookup | is used to query NetBIOS names and map them to IP addresses
ntlm_auth | is a tool to allow external access to Winbind's NTLM authentication function
oLschema2ldif | converts LDAP schema's to LDB-compatible LDIF
pdbedit | is a tool used to manage the SAM database
profiles | is a utility that reports and changes SIDs in Windows registry files. It currently only supports Windows NT
regdiff | is a Diff program for Windows registry files
regpatch | applies registry patches to registry files
regshell | is a Windows registry file browser using readline
regtree | is a text-mode registry viewer
rpcclient | is used to execute MS-RPC client side functions
samba | is a server to provide AD and SMB/CIFS services to clients
samba_dnsupdate | is used to update the DNS names using TSIG-GSS
samba_downgrade_db | downgrades the Samba AD database to be compatible with a previous version of Samba
samba_kcc | is a script used to compute your KCC (Knowledge Consistency Checker) topology
samba-gpupdate | allows you to edit Microsoft Group Policy Objects (GPOs)
samba-regedit | is a ncurses based tool to manage the Samba registry
samba_spnupdate | is a script to update the servicePrincipalName names from spn_update_list
samba-tool | is the main Samba administration tool
samba_upgradedns | upgrades the DNS records in a Samba server to a newer version
sharesec | manipulates share ACL permissions on SMB file shares
smbcacls | is used to manipulate Windows NT access control lists
smbclient | is a SMB/CIFS access utility, similar to FTP
smbcontrol | is used to control running smbd, nmbd and winbindd daemons
smbcquotas | is used to manipulate Windows NT quotas on SMB file shares
smbd | is the main Samba daemon which provides SMB/CIFS services to clients
smbget | is a simple utility with wget-like semantics, that can download files from SMB servers. You can specify the files you would like to download on the command-line
smbpasswd | changes a user's Samba password
smbspool | sends a print job to an SMB printer
smbstatus | reports current Samba connections
smbtar | is a shell script used for backing up SMB/CIFS shares directly to Linux tape drives or a file
smbtorture | is a testsuite that runs several tests against a SMB server
smbtree | is a text-based SMB network browser
tdbbackup | is a tool for backing up or validating the integrity of Samba `.tdb` files
tdbdump | is a tool used to print the contents of a Samba `.tdb` file
tdbrestore | is a tool for creating a Samba `.tdb` file out of a ntdbdump
tdbtool | is a tool which allows simple database manipulation from the command line
testparm | checks an `smb.conf` file for proper syntax
wbinfo | queries a running winbindd daemon
winbindd | resolves names from Windows NT servers
`libnss_winbind.so` | provides Name Service Switch API functions for resolving names from NT servers
`libnss_wins.so` | provides API functions for Samba's implementation of the Windows Internet Naming Service
`libnetapi.so` | provides the API functions for the administration tools used for Samba and remote CIFS servers
`libsmbclient.so` | provides the API functions for the Samba SMB client tools
`libwbclient.so` | provides API functions for Windows domain client services

Last updated on 2021-02-23 18:13:38 -0800

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