#### Beyond Linux® From Scratch (systemd Edition) - Version 10.1

### Chapter 3. After LFS Configuration Issues

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# About System Users and Groups

Throughout BLFS, many packages install programs that run as daemons or in some way should have a user or group name assigned. Generally these names are used to map a user ID (uid) or group ID (gid) for system use. Generally the specific uid or gid numbers used by these applications are not significant. The exception of course, is that `root` has a uid and gid of 0 (zero) that is indeed special. The uid values are stored in `/etc/passwd` and the gid values are found in `/etc/group`.

Customarily, Unix systems classify users and groups into two categories: system users and regular users. The system users and groups are given low numbers and regular users and groups have numeric values greater than all the system values. The cutoff for these numbers is found in two parameters in the `/etc/login.defs` configuration file. The default UID_MIN value is 1000 and the default GID_MIN value is 1000. If a specific uid or gid value is not specified when creating a user with useradd or a group with groupadd the values assigned will always be above these cutoff values.

Additionally, the Linux Standard Base recommends that system uid and gid values should be below 100.

Below is a table of suggested uid/gid values used in BLFS beyond those defined in a base LFS installation. These can be changed as desired, but provide a suggested set of consistent values.

Table 3.1. UID/GID Suggested Values

Name | uid | gid
--- | --- | ---
bin | 1 |
lp | 9 |
adm |  | 16
atd | 17 | 17
messagebus | 18 | 18
lpadmin |  | 19
named | 20 | 20
gdm | 21 | 21
fcron | 22 | 22
systemd-journal |  | 23
apache | 25 | 25
smmsp | 26 | 26
polkitd | 27 | 27
rpc | 28 | 28
exim | 31 | 31
postfix | 32 | 32
postdrop |  | 33
sendmail | 34 |
mail |  | 34
vmailman | 35 | 35
news | 36 | 36
kdm | 37 | 37
fetchmail | 38 |
mysql | 40 | 40
postgres | 41 | 41
dovecot | 42 | 42
dovenull | 43 | 43
ftp | 45 | 45
proftpd | 46 | 46
vsftpd | 47 | 47
rsyncd | 48 | 48
sshd | 50 | 50
stunnel | 51 | 51
dhcpcd | 52 | 52
svn | 56 | 56
svntest |  | 57
git | 58 | 58
games | 60 | 60
kvm |  | 61
wireshark |  | 62
lightdm | 63 | 63
sddm | 64 | 64
lightdm | 65 | 65
scanner |  | 70
colord | 71 | 71
systemd-bus-proxy | 72 | 72
systemd-journal-gateway | 73 | 73
systemd-journal-remote | 74 | 74
systemd-journal-upload | 75 | 75
systemd-network | 76 | 76
systemd-resolve | 77 | 77
systemd-timesync | 78 | 78
systemd-coredump | 79 | 79
uuidd | 80 | 80
ldap | 83 | 83
avahi | 84 | 84
avahi-autoipd | 85 | 85
netdev |  | 86
ntp | 87 | 87
unbound | 88 | 88
plugdev |  | 90
wheel |  | 97
anonymous | 98 |
nobody | 99 |
nogroup |  | 99

One value that is missing is 65534. This value is customarily assigned to the user `nobody` and group `nogroup` and is unnecessary.

Last updated on 2021-01-27 21:25:01 -0800

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